rumpk/hal/stubs_user.zig

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LCL-1.0
// Copyright (c) 2026 Markus Maiwald
// Stewardship: Self Sovereign Society Foundation
//
// This file is part of the Nexus Commonwealth.
// See legal/LICENSE_COMMONWEALTH.md for license terms.

//! Rumpk Layer 0: libc Stubs (Bump Allocator)
//!
//! We are the standard library now. Provides malloc/free/realloc/calloc
//! for libraries that expect libc (e.g., LwIP).
//!
//! DECISION(Alloc): Bump allocator chosen for simplicity and determinism.
//! Memory is never reclaimed; system reboots to reset.

// const uart = @import("uart.zig");

// =========================================================
// Heap Stubs (Bump Allocator with Block Headers)
// =========================================================

// Simple Bump Allocator for L0
// SAFETY(Heap): Memory is written by malloc before any read occurs.
// Initialized to `undefined` to avoid zeroing 32MB at boot.
var heap: [32 * 1024 * 1024]u8 align(4096) = undefined;
var heap_idx: usize = 0;
var heap_init_done: bool = false;

export fn debug_print(s: [*]const u8, len: usize) void {
    _ = s;
    _ = len;
    // TODO: Use syscall for userland debug printing
}

export fn kprint_hex(value: u64) void {
    _ = value;
}

// Header structure (64 bytes aligned to match LwIP MEM_ALIGNMENT)
const BlockHeader = struct {
    size: usize,
    _pad: [64 - @sizeOf(usize)]u8,
};

export fn malloc(size: usize) ?*anyopaque {
    if (size == 0) return null;

    if (!heap_init_done) {
        if (heap_idx != 0) {
            // uart.print("[Alloc] WARNING: BSS NOT ZEROED! heap_idx: ");
            // uart.print_hex(heap_idx);
            // uart.print("\n");
            heap_idx = 0;
        }
        heap_init_done = true;
    }

    const total_needed = size + @sizeOf(BlockHeader);
    const align_mask: usize = 63; // 64-byte alignment
    const aligned_idx = (heap_idx + align_mask) & ~align_mask;

    if (aligned_idx + total_needed > heap.len) {
        // uart.print("[Alloc] OOM! Size: ");
        // uart.print_hex(size);
        // uart.print(" Used: ");
        // uart.print_hex(heap_idx);
        // uart.print("\n");
        return null;
    }

    // Trace allocations (disabled to reduce noise)
    // uart.print("[Alloc] ");
    // uart.print_hex(size);
    // uart.print(" -> Used: ");
    // uart.print_hex(aligned_idx + total_needed);
    // uart.print("\n");

    const base_ptr = &heap[aligned_idx];
    const header = @as(*BlockHeader, @ptrCast(@alignCast(base_ptr)));
    header.size = size;

    heap_idx = aligned_idx + total_needed;
    return @as(*anyopaque, @ptrFromInt(@intFromPtr(base_ptr) + @sizeOf(BlockHeader)));
}

export fn free(ptr: ?*anyopaque) void {
    // Bump allocator: no-op free.
    _ = ptr;
}

export fn realloc(ptr: ?*anyopaque, size: usize) ?*anyopaque {
    if (ptr == null) return malloc(size);
    if (size == 0) {
        free(ptr);
        return null;
    }

    // Retrieve old size from header
    const base_addr = @intFromPtr(ptr.?) - @sizeOf(BlockHeader);
    const header = @as(*BlockHeader, @ptrFromInt(base_addr));
    const old_size = header.size;

    // Optimization: If new size is smaller and it's the last block, we could shrink?
    // But for a bump allocator, just allocate new.
    const new_ptr = malloc(size);
    if (new_ptr) |np| {
        const copy_size = if (size < old_size) size else old_size;
        const src = @as([*]const u8, @ptrCast(ptr.?));
        const dst = @as([*]u8, @ptrCast(np));

        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < copy_size) : (i += 1) {
            dst[i] = src[i];
        }

        free(ptr);
        return np;
    }
    return null;
}

export fn calloc(nmemb: usize, size: usize) ?*anyopaque {
    const total = nmemb * size;
    const ptr = malloc(total);
    if (ptr) |p| {
        const dst = @as([*]u8, @ptrCast(p));
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < total) : (i += 1) {
            dst[i] = 0;
        }
    }
    return ptr;
}

// =========================================================
// Rumpk Runtime Support
// =========================================================

export fn get_ticks() u32 {
    return 0; // TODO: Implement real timer
}

// export fn strlen(s: [*]const u8) usize {
//     var i: usize = 0;
//     while (s[i] != 0) : (i += 1) {}
//     return i;
// }

// export fn fwrite(ptr: ?*anyopaque, size: usize, nmemb: usize, stream: ?*anyopaque) usize {
//     _ = ptr;
//     _ = size;
//     _ = nmemb;
//     _ = stream;
//     return 0;
// }

// export fn fflush(stream: ?*anyopaque) c_int {
//     _ = stream;
//     return 0;
// }

// export fn write(fd: c_int, buf: ?*anyopaque, count: usize) isize {
//     _ = fd;
//     _ = buf;
//     _ = count;
//     return 0;
// }