//! Quasar Vector Lattice (QVL) Storage Service
//! Wraps DuckDB to store and analyze the trust graph.

const std = @import("std");
const c = @cImport({
    @cInclude("duckdb.h");
});

pub const QvlError = error{
    DbOpenFailed,
    ConnectionFailed,
    QueryFailed,
    ExecFailed,
    ExtensionLoadFailed,
};

const l1_identity = @import("l1_identity");
const slash_mod = l1_identity.slash;
const SlashReason = slash_mod.SlashReason;
const SlashSeverity = slash_mod.SlashSeverity;

const qvl_types = l1_identity.qvl.types;
pub const NodeId = qvl_types.NodeId;
pub const RiskEdge = qvl_types.RiskEdge;

pub const StoredSlashEvent = struct {
    timestamp: u64,
    target_did: []const u8,
    reason: []const u8,
    severity: []const u8,
    evidence_hash: []const u8,
};

pub const QvlStore = struct {
    db: c.duckdb_database = null,
    conn: c.duckdb_connection = null,
    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,

    pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, db_path: []const u8) !*QvlStore {
        const self = try allocator.create(QvlStore);
        self.* = .{
            .allocator = allocator,
            .db = null,
            .conn = null,
        };

        const db_path_c = try allocator.dupeZ(u8, db_path);
        defer allocator.free(db_path_c);

        var err_msg: [*c]u8 = null;
        if (c.duckdb_open_ext(db_path_c, &self.db, null, &err_msg) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB: Failed to open database {s}: {s}", .{ db_path, err_msg });
            return error.DbOpenFailed;
        }

        if (c.duckdb_connect(self.db, &self.conn) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            return error.ConnectionFailed;
        }

        try self.initExtensions();
        try self.initSchema();

        std.log.info("DuckDB: QVL Store initialized at {s}", .{db_path});

        return self;
    }

    pub fn deinit(self: *QvlStore) void {
        if (self.conn != null) c.duckdb_disconnect(&self.conn);
        if (self.db != null) c.duckdb_close(&self.db);
        self.allocator.destroy(self);
    }

    fn initExtensions(self: *QvlStore) !void {
        const sql = "INSTALL prql; LOAD prql;";
        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, sql, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.warn("DuckDB: PRQL extension not available. Falling back to SQL for analytics. Error: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return;
        }
        c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
        std.log.info("DuckDB: PRQL extension loaded.", .{});
    }

    fn initSchema(self: *QvlStore) !void {
        const sql =
            \\ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qvl_vertices (
            \\     id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
            \\     did TEXT,
            \\     trust_score REAL DEFAULT 0.0,
            \\     last_seen TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
            \\ );
            \\ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qvl_edges (
            \\     source INTEGER,
            \\     target INTEGER,
            \\     weight REAL,
            \\     nonce UBIGINT,
            \\     PRIMARY KEY(source, target)
            \\ );
            \\ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS slash_events (
            \\     timestamp UBIGINT,
            \\     target_did TEXT,
            \\     reason TEXT,
            \\     severity TEXT,
            \\     evidence_hash TEXT
            \\ );
        ;

        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, sql, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB: Schema init failed: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return error.ExecFailed;
        }
        c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
    }

    pub fn syncLattice(self: *QvlStore, nodes: []const NodeId, edges: []const RiskEdge) !void {
        // Clear old state (analytical snapshot)
        _ = try self.execSql("DELETE FROM qvl_vertices;");
        _ = try self.execSql("DELETE FROM qvl_edges;");

        // Batch insert vertices
        var appender: c.duckdb_appender = null;
        if (c.duckdb_appender_create(self.conn, null, "qvl_vertices", &appender) != c.DuckDBSuccess) return error.ExecFailed;
        defer _ = c.duckdb_appender_destroy(&appender);

        for (nodes) |node| {
            _ = c.duckdb_append_int32(appender, @intCast(node));
            _ = c.duckdb_append_null(appender); // DID unknown here
            _ = c.duckdb_append_double(appender, 0.0);
            _ = c.duckdb_appender_end_row(appender);
        }

        // Batch insert edges
        var edge_appender: c.duckdb_appender = null;
        if (c.duckdb_appender_create(self.conn, null, "qvl_edges", &edge_appender) != c.DuckDBSuccess) return error.ExecFailed;
        defer _ = c.duckdb_appender_destroy(&edge_appender);

        for (edges) |edge| {
            _ = c.duckdb_append_int32(edge_appender, @intCast(edge.from));
            _ = c.duckdb_append_int32(edge_appender, @intCast(edge.to));
            _ = c.duckdb_append_double(edge_appender, edge.risk);
            _ = c.duckdb_append_uint64(edge_appender, edge.nonce);
            _ = c.duckdb_appender_end_row(edge_appender);
        }
    }

    pub fn computeTrustRank(self: *QvlStore) !void {
        // Fallback to SQL for trust aggregation
        const sql =
            \\ SELECT target, AVG(weight) as avg_risk 
            \\ FROM qvl_edges 
            \\ GROUP BY target 
            \\ HAVING AVG(weight) > 0.5;
        ;
        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, sql, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB Analytics Error: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return error.QueryFailed;
        }
        c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
    }

    fn execSql(self: *QvlStore, sql: []const u8) !void {
        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        const sql_z = try self.allocator.dupeZ(u8, sql);
        defer self.allocator.free(sql_z);
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, sql_z.ptr, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB SQL Error: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return error.ExecFailed;
        }
        c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
    }

    pub fn execPrql(self: *QvlStore, prql_query: []const u8) !void {
        const prql_buf = try std.fmt.allocPrintZ(self.allocator, "PRQL '{s}'", .{prql_query});
        defer self.allocator.free(prql_buf);

        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, prql_buf.ptr, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB PRQL Error: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return error.QueryFailed;
        }
        c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
    }

    pub fn logSlashEvent(
        self: *QvlStore,
        timestamp: u64,
        target_did: []const u8,
        reason: []const u8,
        severity: []const u8,
        evidence_hash: []const u8,
    ) !void {
        var appender: c.duckdb_appender = null;
        if (c.duckdb_appender_create(self.conn, null, "slash_events", &appender) != c.DuckDBSuccess) return error.ExecFailed;
        defer _ = c.duckdb_appender_destroy(&appender);

        _ = c.duckdb_append_uint64(appender, timestamp);
        _ = c.duckdb_append_varchar_length(appender, target_did.ptr, target_did.len);
        _ = c.duckdb_append_varchar_length(appender, reason.ptr, reason.len);
        _ = c.duckdb_append_varchar_length(appender, severity.ptr, severity.len);
        _ = c.duckdb_append_varchar_length(appender, evidence_hash.ptr, evidence_hash.len);
        _ = c.duckdb_appender_end_row(appender);
    }

    pub fn getSlashEvents(self: *QvlStore, limit: usize) ![]StoredSlashEvent {
        const sql_slice = try std.fmt.allocPrint(self.allocator, "SELECT timestamp, target_did, reason, severity, evidence_hash FROM slash_events ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT {d};", .{limit});
        defer self.allocator.free(sql_slice);
        const sql = try self.allocator.dupeZ(u8, sql_slice);
        defer self.allocator.free(sql);

        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, sql.ptr, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB Slash Log Error: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return error.QueryFailed;
        }
        defer c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);

        const row_count = c.duckdb_row_count(&res);
        var events = try self.allocator.alloc(StoredSlashEvent, row_count);

        for (0..row_count) |i| {
            // Helper to get string safely
            const getStr = struct {
                fn get(result: *c.duckdb_result, row: u64, col: u64, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) ![]const u8 {
                    const val = c.duckdb_value_varchar(result, row, col);
                    defer c.duckdb_free(val);
                    return allocator.dupe(u8, std.mem.span(val));
                }
            }.get;

            events[i] = StoredSlashEvent{
                .timestamp = c.duckdb_value_uint64(&res, i, 0),
                .target_did = try getStr(&res, i, 1, self.allocator),
                .reason = try getStr(&res, i, 2, self.allocator),
                .severity = try getStr(&res, i, 3, self.allocator),
                .evidence_hash = try getStr(&res, i, 4, self.allocator),
            };
        }

        return events;
    }

    /// Retrieve a list of trusted relay DIDs based on QVL scores.
    pub fn getTrustedRelays(self: *QvlStore, min_score: f64, limit: usize) ![][]u8 {
        const sql_slice = try std.fmt.allocPrint(self.allocator, "SELECT did FROM qvl_vertices WHERE trust_score >= {d} ORDER BY trust_score DESC LIMIT {d};", .{ min_score, limit });
        defer self.allocator.free(sql_slice);
        const sql = try self.allocator.dupeZ(u8, sql_slice);
        defer self.allocator.free(sql);

        var res: c.duckdb_result = undefined;
        if (c.duckdb_query(self.conn, sql.ptr, &res) != c.DuckDBSuccess) {
            std.log.err("DuckDB Relay Query Error: {s}", .{c.duckdb_result_error(&res)});
            c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);
            return error.QueryFailed;
        }
        defer c.duckdb_destroy_result(&res);

        const row_count = c.duckdb_row_count(&res);
        // If we found nothing, return empty slice
        if (row_count == 0) return &[_][]u8{};

        var relays = try self.allocator.alloc([]u8, row_count);

        for (0..row_count) |i| {
            const val = c.duckdb_value_varchar(&res, i, 0);
            defer c.duckdb_free(val);
            if (val == null) {
                // Should not happen if DB is correct, but handle safely
                relays[i] = try self.allocator.dupe(u8, "UNKNOWN");
            } else {
                relays[i] = try self.allocator.dupe(u8, std.mem.span(val));
            }
        }
        return relays;
    }
};